ntent="[{"type":"block","id":"3060-1621846615933","name":"heading","data":{"version":1,"level":"h1"},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"p5PQ-1621846617594","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[{"type":"bold"},{"type":"color","value":"#021eaa"},{"type":"backgroundColor","value":"rgb(255, 250, 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","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"aI8I-1703054067886","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"dEFF-1703054067787","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"iXXv-1703054067887","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"uvQc-1703054067788","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"6ayR-1703054067982","name":"image","data":{"version":1,"url":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/1448/WEBRESOURCEe4c97154a38b701f45cee98197b55318","width":800,"height":600},"nodes":[],"state":{"renderSource":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/1448/WEBRESOURCEe4c97154a38b701f45cee98197b55318","initialSize":{"width":800,"height":600},"loading":false}},{"type":"block","id":"Go23-1703054067890","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"9LoV-1703054067889","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"gUNs-1703054067892","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"1Esb-1703054067891","leaves":[{"text":"一、提前防范","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#021eaa"},{"type":"fontSize","value":17},{"type":"bold"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"lE40-1703054067894","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"P0Mv-1703054067893","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"gJ9k-1703054067896","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Yrfm-1703054067895","leaves":[{"text":"建議菜農(nóng)在設(shè)施生產(chǎn)管理中，密切關(guān)注天氣變化，結(jié)合天氣情況開(kāi)展農(nóng)事操作，尤其要提前做好應(yīng)對(duì)大風(fēng)降溫及連續(xù)陰雪天氣的應(yīng)對(duì)舉措，做到有備無(wú)患。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"s86I-1703054067898","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"yKkX-1703054067897","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"sA1l-1703054067900","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"IDBB-1703054067899","leaves":[{"text":"（一）加固棚室。","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#000000"},{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]},{"text":"菜農(nóng)要盡快檢查設(shè)施棚室是否有損壞、墻體坍塌、鋼管斷裂等現(xiàn)象，尤其是平泉、雙灤、興隆等老舊棚室區(qū)，如存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，可采取支立柱及換拱架的方式進(jìn)行加固。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"5W2y-1703054067903","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"N3AI-1703054067901","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"nXLA-1703054067905","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"TBFk-1703054067904","leaves":[{"text":"（二）檢查棚膜棉被。","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#000000"},{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]},{"text":"要檢查棚膜、棉被是否受損，有破損的要及時(shí)修補(bǔ)。大風(fēng)天氣來(lái)臨時(shí)，要及時(shí)關(guān)閉風(fēng)口，并借助棉被來(lái)壓實(shí)風(fēng)口，以免大風(fēng)造成棚膜撕裂。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"McPO-1703054067907","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"XU8f-1703054067906","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"2Cjz-1703054067909","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"ugrK-1703054067908","leaves":[{"text":"（三）檢查基地的供電線路。","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#000000"},{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]},{"text":"對(duì)老化的基地，要及時(shí)切斷電源，以免電線短路引起火災(zāi)、造成人身傷害等事件。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"wx9X-1703054067911","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"yWi4-1703054067910","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"PtNG-1703054067913","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"T8Fw-1703054067912","leaves":[{"text":"（四）做好降雪清理及人工補(bǔ)光的準(zhǔn)備。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"yCWN-1703054067915","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Labc-1703054067914","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"UNl4-1703054067983","name":"image","data":{"version":1,"url":"https://note.youdao.com/yws/res/1449/WEBRESOURCE01703054075661","width":500,"height":400},"nodes":[],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"RH9r-1703054067918","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"QzVu-1703054067917","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"5jCS-1703054067920","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Sz8M-1703054067919","leaves":[{"text":"二、做好保溫工作 ","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#021eaa"},{"type":"fontSize","value":17},{"type":"bold"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"0pKZ-1703054067922","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"hCdV-1703054067921","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Yq56-1703054067924","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"BJqU-1703054067923","leaves":[{"text":"大風(fēng)強(qiáng)降溫及降雪常常會(huì)引起蔬菜遭遇冷害和凍害，尤其是在夜間溫度過(guò)低的情況下更為顯著，為此，做好保溫工作尤為必要。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"dl6G-1703054067926","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"TNKI-1703054067925","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"0new-1703054067928","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"anKJ-1703054067927","leaves":[{"text":"1.合理調(diào)整揭蓋棉被的時(shí)間。菜農(nóng)可以采取較平常晚一小時(shí)打開(kāi)棉被，下午早一小時(shí)遮蓋棉被的方式，貯存更多的熱量。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"5Pox-1703054067931","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"DRtP-1703054067930","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"3lli-1703054067933","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"GoxS-1703054067932","leaves":[{"text":"2.加蓋棉被或草苫及二層膜等。在棚室的前腳或者東西墻與棚膜連接處加蓋棉被，或者在設(shè)施內(nèi)部前沿、植株上部、走廊處搭一層棚膜，實(shí)現(xiàn)雙層覆蓋，采取“晚上遮蓋、白天揭開(kāi)”的方式，應(yīng)對(duì)晚上低溫，提高保溫效果。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"yj2Z-1703054067935","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"zXmS-1703054067934","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Zz1k-1703054067937","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"UKN6-1703054067936","leaves":[{"text":"3.采取人工加溫。有條件的農(nóng)戶可以采取加溫塊、電暖氣、生物質(zhì)爐等加溫設(shè)備進(jìn)行夜間加溫，確保設(shè)施內(nèi)夜間最低溫度在8℃以上。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"TcQC-1703054067939","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"xWa5-1703054067938","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"7ekF-1703054067941","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"ptRz-1703054067940","leaves":[{"text":"三、做好光照管理 ","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#021eaa"},{"type":"fontSize","value":17},{"type":"bold"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"id1g-1703054067943","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"HRT1-1703054067942","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"zefk-1703054067945","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"GTz6-1703054067944","leaves":[{"text":"降雪等天氣常伴隨陰天，此時(shí)光照比較弱，植株光合速率降低，加上低溫容易造成根系活力差，因此要保持植株見(jiàn)光，保證植株的光合作用。有條件的可以采取人工補(bǔ)光的方式增加光照。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"zDhl-1703054067947","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"wbAx-1703054067946","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"EbYm-1703054067949","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"EYez-1703054067948","leaves":[{"text":"四、做好水肥管理","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#021eaa"},{"type":"fontSize","value":17},{"type":"bold"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Ys1L-1703054067951","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"jHC8-1703054067950","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"DTIz-1703054067953","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"mL6k-1703054067952","leaves":[{"text":"冬季嚴(yán)格控制澆水，在陰雪和大風(fēng)降溫天氣盡量不要澆水，以免地溫降低，增加空氣濕度。如果極端天氣時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，可采取澆小水的方式，在澆水的同時(shí)配合施用生物菌肥、腐植酸肥及氨基酸等有利于生根的肥料，加強(qiáng)植株?duì)I養(yǎng)，提高植株抗性，通過(guò)噴施葉面肥以及植物源生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑等措施，給植株補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)。同時(shí)要控制好棚室內(nèi)濕度，中午濕度較高時(shí)，可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行短暫通風(fēng)；在防治病蟲(chóng)害時(shí)，減少使用水劑，盡量選用合適的煙霧劑量，在減少棚室濕度，防治病蟲(chóng)危害的同時(shí)，還可以提高棚室的溫度。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"pptv-1703054067955","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"4Gka-1703054067954","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"nlGX-1703054067957","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"UDDK-1703054067956","leaves":[{"text":"五、做好田間管理","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#021eaa"},{"type":"fontSize","value":17},{"type":"bold"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Wv6M-1703054067960","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"FGGq-1703054067958","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"7nMl-1703054067962","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"ihi0-1703054067961","leaves":[{"text":"對(duì)長(zhǎng)勢(shì)較弱或結(jié)果較多的蔬菜要及時(shí)進(jìn)行采收，并適量疏花疏果，減少果實(shí)對(duì)植株養(yǎng)分的消耗，維持植株較強(qiáng)的長(zhǎng)勢(shì)；及時(shí)進(jìn)行整枝打杈，摘除老病殘葉，改善棚內(nèi)通風(fēng)和光照條件。同時(shí)，要及時(shí)清理積雪，如果是中小雪，可采取雪后清理的策略；如果是大雪，要做到邊下邊清理。為了操作簡(jiǎn)單，也可以在下雪前用舊棚膜加蓋在草苫或棉被上，既方便掃雪還可防止雪融化后浸濕草苫或棉被。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Ck0C-1703054067964","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"4vOJ-1703054067963","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"eTAI-1703054067966","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Aih8-1703054067965","leaves":[{"text":"六、設(shè)施蔬菜受凍后的補(bǔ)救措施","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#021eaa"},{"type":"fontSize","value":17},{"type":"bold"}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"R4dw-1703054067968","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"Gb4w-1703054067967","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"Bz1g-1703054067970","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1,"style":{"textIndent":56}},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"zW3C-1703054067969","leaves":[{"text":"在設(shè)施蔬菜受凍后，應(yīng)注意做好日常管理，一是緩慢升溫，葉面噴施速效性肥料，增加植株?duì)I養(yǎng)吸收；二是及時(shí)將受害的植株葉片及果實(shí)清理出棚室，避免增加病蟲(chóng)危害；三是適度進(jìn)行人工噴水，增加空氣濕度，穩(wěn)定棚室內(nèi)溫度，降低植株受凍組織缺水的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；四是情況嚴(yán)重的棚室，可以補(bǔ)栽一些生長(zhǎng)期短的葉菜類(lèi)的作物，減少經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。","marks":[{"type":"fontSize","value":17}]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"SwJX-1703054067972","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"FimI-1703054067971","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"O8H7-1703054098576","name":"paragraph","data":{},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"eAXu-1703054098577","leaves":[{"text":"","marks":[]}]}],"state":{}},{"type":"block","id":"7J18-1703054067978","name":"paragraph","data":{"version":1},"nodes":[{"type":"text","id":"mvcA-1703054067977","leaves":[{"text":"作者：河北省蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系承德綜合試驗(yàn)推廣站 劉斯超 鄭鵬婧 王玉宏","marks":[{"type":"color","value":"#888888"}]}]}],"state":{}}]">
當(dāng)前冀北地區(qū)設(shè)施蔬菜正處于開(kāi)花結(jié)果期，在寒潮降雪極寒天氣下，蔬菜容易出現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)勢(shì)減慢、停滯或滋生病害等情況，進(jìn)而影響產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)。廣大菜農(nóng)要切實(shí)做好大風(fēng)寒潮降溫及降雪等天氣的防范工作，盡量將可能產(chǎn)生的損失降低到最低。為此，燕趙農(nóng)村報(bào)組織技術(shù)人員總結(jié)以下技術(shù)措施：
一、提前防范
建議菜農(nóng)在設(shè)施生產(chǎn)管理中，密切關(guān)注天氣變化，結(jié)合天氣情況開(kāi)展農(nóng)事操作，尤其要提前做好應(yīng)對(duì)大風(fēng)降溫及連續(xù)陰雪天氣的應(yīng)對(duì)舉措，做到有備無(wú)患。
（一）加固棚室。菜農(nóng)要盡快檢查設(shè)施棚室是否有損壞、墻體坍塌、鋼管斷裂等現(xiàn)象，尤其是平泉、雙灤、興隆等老舊棚室區(qū)，如存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，可采取支立柱及換拱架的方式進(jìn)行加固。
（二）檢查棚膜棉被。要檢查棚膜、棉被是否受損，有破損的要及時(shí)修補(bǔ)。大風(fēng)天氣來(lái)臨時(shí)，要及時(shí)關(guān)閉風(fēng)口，并借助棉被來(lái)壓實(shí)風(fēng)口，以免大風(fēng)造成棚膜撕裂。
（三）檢查基地的供電線路。對(duì)老化的基地，要及時(shí)切斷電源，以免電線短路引起火災(zāi)、造成人身傷害等事件。
（四）做好降雪清理及人工補(bǔ)光的準(zhǔn)備。
二、做好保溫工作
大風(fēng)強(qiáng)降溫及降雪常常會(huì)引起蔬菜遭遇冷害和凍害，尤其是在夜間溫度過(guò)低的情況下更為顯著，為此，做好保溫工作尤為必要。
1.合理調(diào)整揭蓋棉被的時(shí)間。菜農(nóng)可以采取較平常晚一小時(shí)打開(kāi)棉被，下午早一小時(shí)遮蓋棉被的方式，貯存更多的熱量。
2.加蓋棉被或草苫及二層膜等。在棚室的前腳或者東西墻與棚膜連接處加蓋棉被，或者在設(shè)施內(nèi)部前沿、植株上部、走廊處搭一層棚膜，實(shí)現(xiàn)雙層覆蓋，采取“晚上遮蓋、白天揭開(kāi)”的方式，應(yīng)對(duì)晚上低溫，提高保溫效果。
3.采取人工加溫。有條件的農(nóng)戶可以采取加溫塊、電暖氣、生物質(zhì)爐等加溫設(shè)備進(jìn)行夜間加溫，確保設(shè)施內(nèi)夜間最低溫度在8℃以上。
三、做好光照管理
降雪等天氣常伴隨陰天，此時(shí)光照比較弱，植株光合速率降低，加上低溫容易造成根系活力差，因此要保持植株見(jiàn)光，保證植株的光合作用。有條件的可以采取人工補(bǔ)光的方式增加光照。
四、做好水肥管理
冬季嚴(yán)格控制澆水，在陰雪和大風(fēng)降溫天氣盡量不要澆水，以免地溫降低，增加空氣濕度。如果極端天氣時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，可采取澆小水的方式，在澆水的同時(shí)配合施用生物菌肥、腐植酸肥及氨基酸等有利于生根的肥料，加強(qiáng)植株?duì)I養(yǎng)，提高植株抗性，通過(guò)噴施葉面肥以及植物源生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑等措施，給植株補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)。同時(shí)要控制好棚室內(nèi)濕度，中午濕度較高時(shí)，可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行短暫通風(fēng)；在防治病蟲(chóng)害時(shí)，減少使用水劑，盡量選用合適的煙霧劑量，在減少棚室濕度，防治病蟲(chóng)危害的同時(shí)，還可以提高棚室的溫度。
五、做好田間管理
對(duì)長(zhǎng)勢(shì)較弱或結(jié)果較多的蔬菜要及時(shí)進(jìn)行采收，并適量疏花疏果，減少果實(shí)對(duì)植株養(yǎng)分的消耗，維持植株較強(qiáng)的長(zhǎng)勢(shì)；及時(shí)進(jìn)行整枝打杈，摘除老病殘葉，改善棚內(nèi)通風(fēng)和光照條件。同時(shí)，要及時(shí)清理積雪，如果是中小雪，可采取雪后清理的策略；如果是大雪，要做到邊下邊清理。為了操作簡(jiǎn)單，也可以在下雪前用舊棚膜加蓋在草苫或棉被上，既方便掃雪還可防止雪融化后浸濕草苫或棉被。
六、設(shè)施蔬菜受凍后的補(bǔ)救措施
在設(shè)施蔬菜受凍后，應(yīng)注意做好日常管理，一是緩慢升溫，葉面噴施速效性肥料，增加植株?duì)I養(yǎng)吸收；二是及時(shí)將受害的植株葉片及果實(shí)清理出棚室，避免增加病蟲(chóng)危害；三是適度進(jìn)行人工噴水，增加空氣濕度，穩(wěn)定棚室內(nèi)溫度，降低植株受凍組織缺水的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；四是情況嚴(yán)重的棚室，可以補(bǔ)栽一些生長(zhǎng)期短的葉菜類(lèi)的作物，減少經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。
作者：河北省蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系承德綜合試驗(yàn)推廣站 劉斯超 鄭鵬婧 王玉宏
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